The disease of corruption: views on how to fight corruption to advance 21st century global health goals

Corruption has been described as a disease. When corruption infiltrates global health, it can be particularly devastating, threatening hard gained improvements in human and economic development, international security, and population health. Yet, the multifaceted and complex nature of global health corruption makes it extremely difficult to tackle, despite its enormous costs, which have been estimated in the billions of dollars. In this forum article, we asked anti-corruption experts to identify key priority areas that urgently need global attention in order to advance the fight against global health corruption. The views shared by this multidisciplinary group of contributors reveal several fundamental challenges and allow us to explore potential solutions to address the unique risks posed by health-related corruption. Collectively, these perspectives also provide a roadmap that can be used in support of global health anti-corruption efforts in the post-2015 development agenda

RPA-Approach to the Excitations of the Nucleon, Part II: Phenomenology

The tensor-RPA approach developed previously in part I is applied to the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. As a first step we investigate the structure of Dirac-Hartree-Fock solutions for a rotationally and isospin invariant ground-state density. Whereas vacuum properties can be reproduced, no solitonic configuration for a system with unit baryon number is found. We then solve the tensor-RPA equation employing simple models of the nucleon ground state. In general the ph interaction effects a decrease of the excited states to lower energies. Due to an enhanced level density at low energies the obtained spectra cannot be matched with the experimental data when a standard MIT-bag configuration is used. However, when the size of the nucleon quark core is reduced to approximately 0.3 fm a fair description of the baryon spectrum in the positive-parity channel is achieved. For this purpose the residual interaction turns out to be crucial and leads to a significant improvement compared with the mean-field spectra.Comment: 33 pages, Latex, 9 Postscpript figures, section on the excited states has been completely rewritten after error was detected, results are now much more encouragin

Corporate governance and corruption: A cross-country analysis

10.1111/j.1468-0491.2005.00271.xGovernance182151-17

Phase Structure of Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model at Finite Isospin Density

In the frame of flavor SU(2) Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model with $U_A(1)$ breaking term we found that, the structure of two chiral phase transition lines does not exist at low isospin density in real world, and the critical isospin chemical potential for pion superfluidity is exactly the pion mass in the vacuum.Comment: 8 pages, submitted to Phys.Lett.

Meson Mixing in Pion Superfluid

We investigate meson mixing and meson coupling constants in pion superfluid in the framework of two flavor NJL model at finite isospin density. The mixing strength develops fast with increasing isospin chemical potential, and the coupling constants in normal phase and in the pion superfluid phase behave very differently.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. Updates from version 2: 1, Correct Some language mistakes and Some errors in the cited references. 2, Rewrite the last sentence in the summary to indicate a possible way to measure the isospin-asymmetry related meson propertie

Mesons as qbar-q Bound States from Euclidean 2-Point Correlators in the Bethe-Salpeter Approach

We investigate the 2-point correlation function for the vector current. The gluons provide dressings for both the quark self energy as well as the vector vertex function, which are described consistently by the rainbow Dyson-Schwinger equation and the inhomogeneous ladder Bethe-Salpeter equation. The form of the gluon propagator at low momenta is modeled by a 2-parameter ansatz fitting the weak pion decay constant. The quarks are confined in the sense that the quark propagator does not have a pole at timelike momenta. We determine the ground state mass in the vector channel from the Euclidean time Fourier transform of the correlator, which has an exponential falloff at large times. The ground state mass lies around 590 MeV and is almost independent of the model form for the gluon propagator. This method allows us to stay in Euclidean space and to avoid analytic continuation of the quark or gluon propagators into the timelike region.Comment: 21 pages (REVTEX), 8 Postscript figure

Literary-theoretical Transformations of Social Models

This study investigates transformations of classical antiquity oikonomia and chrematistics from the Middle Ages to the present-day.From an ancient- historical, philosophical, literary and cultural-science perspective, it reconstructs exemplary acquisitions and reinterpretations of economic knowledge. The study argues that the modern economy has benefited from transformation relationships with the oikonomia of classical antiquity, which exhibit no unambiguously economic, efficient and profit-maximising character. For this reason, in addition to actual historical aspects, our interest also includes issues relating to the poetology of economic knowledge, the metaphorology and scenaristics of the house, the theoretical, narrative and literary representation economies and the promotion of ‘economy’ to an ordering category per se

Cu, Fe, and Zn isotope ratios in murine Alzheimer's disease models suggest specific signatures of amyloidogenesis and tauopathy

Acknowledgments—A.H.E-K thanks Maren Koenig and Dorit Becker for their support in sample preparation. The authors thank Prof. Gernot Riedel, Dr Silke Frahm, and Mandy Magbagbeolu for help with mouse perfusion and harvesting of the brain tissues. Funding and additional information—This work was carried out in the context of the EMPIR research project 15HLT02 (ReMiND). This project has received funding from the EMPIR programme cofinanced by the Participating States and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

In vivo and ex vivo measurements: noninvasive assessment of alcoholic fatty liver using 1H-MR spectroscopy

PURPOSEWe aimed to evaluate the ability of 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to detect and quantify hepatic fat content in vivo and ex vivo in an experimental rat model of alcoholic fatty liver using histopathology, biochemistry, and laboratory analyses as reference.METHODSAlcoholic fatty liver was induced within 48 hours in 20 Lewis rats; 10 rats served as control. Intrahepatic fat content determined by 1H-MRS was expressed as the percent ratio of the lipid and water peaks and was correlated with intrahepatic fat content determined histologically and biochemically. Liver enzymes were measured in serum.RESULTSFatty liver could be detected in vivo as well as ex vivo using 1H-MRS, in all 20 animals. Histologic analysis showed a fatty liver in 16 of 20 animals. Histology and 1H-MRS results were highly correlated (in vivo, r=0.93, P = 0.0005; ex vivo, r=0.92, P = 0.0006). Also a strong correlation was noted between in vivo 1H-MRS measurements and the fat content determined biochemically (r=0.96, P = 0.0003). Ex vivo results showed a similarly strong correlation between 1H-MRS and biochemistry (r=0.89, P = 0.0011).CONCLUSION1H-MRS can be carried out in ex vivo models, as well as in vivo, to detect and quantify intrahepatic fat content in the acute fatty liver